- A contingent being (a being that if it exists can not-exist) exists.
- This contingent being has a cause of or explanation[1] for its existence.
- The cause of or explanation for its existence is something other than the contingent being itself.
- What causes or explains the existence of this contingent being must either be solely other contingent beings or include a non-contingent (necessary) being.
- Contingent beings alone cannot provide an adequate causal account or explanation for the existence of a contingent being.
- Therefore, what causes or explains the existence of this contingent being must include a non-contingent (necessary) being.
- Therefore, a necessary being (a being that if it exists cannot not-exist) exists.
Necessary and Contingent
Necessary and Contingent Truths
Necessary and Contingent Things
Introduction to Philosophy 